What Is ARFID?

ARFID stands for Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder, a relatively new diagnosis officially recognized in the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) in 2013. Unlike other eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa, ARFID is not driven by body image concerns. Instead, individuals with ARFID avoid certain foods or restrict their intake due to:

• Sensory sensitivities (e.g., taste, texture, smell)
• Fear of aversive consequences (e.g., choking, vomiting, gastrointestinal pain)
• Apparent lack of interest in eating or food

This avoidance can lead to significant nutritional deficiencies, weight loss, dependence on supplements or feeding tubes, and serious disruptions to daily life.

Signs and Symptoms

ARFID may present differently from person to person, but common signs include:

• Extremely selective eating—limited to a few "safe" foods
• Avoidance of entire food groups (e.g., all vegetables, all proteins)
• Fear-based avoidance of food after a traumatic eating experience
• Lack of appetite or disinterest in eating
• Weight loss or failure to gain weight in children and adolescents
• Nutritional deficiencies and related medical complications
• Avoidance of social situations involving food

Unlike anorexia or bulimia, individuals with ARFID typically do not have a distorted body image or a desire to be thin.

Who Is Affected?

ARFID can affect people of all ages, but it often begins in childhood. It is more commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents, though adults can experience it as well. Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), anxiety disorders, or sensory processing differences are at higher risk for developing ARFID.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosing ARFID typically involves a comprehensive assessment by a mental health professional, nutritionist, and/or physician. It’s important to rule out other medical or psychological causes of eating challenges.

Treatment for ARFID is often multidisciplinary and may include:

• Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) tailored for ARFID
• Exposure therapy to help increase food variety
• Nutritional counseling to address deficiencies
• Family-based interventions, especially in younger patients
• Occupational therapy for sensory-related issues

Early intervention is critical. With the right support, many individuals with ARFID can learn to expand their diet and develop a healthier relationship with food.

Final Thoughts

ARFID is more than just “picky eating”—it’s a serious eating disorder that deserves attention, understanding, and proper treatment. Whether you're a parent concerned about your child, an adult struggling with food avoidance, or a healthcare provider learning about ARFID, awareness is the first step toward meaningful help and recovery.

If you suspect that you or someone you love might be experiencing ARFID, don’t hesitate to reach out to a medical or mental health professional.